Nortel Networks 42C4911 Manuel d'utilisateur Page 171
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42C4911, January 2007 171
CHAPTER 11
Border Gateway Protocol
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an Internet protocol that enables routers on a network to
share and advertise routing information with each other about the segments of the IP address
space they can access within their network and with routers on external networks. BGP allows
you to decide what is the “best” route for a packet to take from your network to a destination
on another network rather than simply setting a default route from your border router(s) to your
upstream provider(s). BGP is defined in RFC 1771.
GbE Switch Modules can advertise their IP interfaces and IP addresses using BGP and take
BGP feeds from as many as 16 BGP router peers. This allows more resilience and flexibility in
balancing traffic from the Internet.
The following topics are discussed in this section:
“Internal Routing Versus External Routing” on page 172
“Forming BGP Peer Routers” on page 173
“What is a Route Map?” on page 174
“Aggregating Routes” on page 178
“Redistributing Routes” on page 179
“BGP Attributes” on page 180
“Selecting Route Paths in BGP” on page 181
“BGP Failover Configuration” on page 182
“Default Redistribution and Route Aggregation Example” on page 185
- Application Guide 1
- Contents 3
- 4 42C4911, January 2007 4
- 542C4911, January 2007 5
- Part 2: IP Routing 141 6
- 742C4911, January 2007 7
- Fundamentals 215 8
- Part 4: Appendices 243 9
- Alteon OS Application Guide 10
- 10 42C4911, January 2007 10
- 42C4911, January 2007 11 11
- 12 42C4911, January 2007 12
- 42C4911, January 2007 13 13
- 14 42C4911, January 2007 14
- Who Should Use This Guide 15
- Part 1: Basic Switching 16
- Part 4: Appendices 17
- Typographic Conventions 18
- How to Get Help 19
- 22 42C4911, January 2007 22
- Accessing the Switch 23
- Management module setup 24
- Default Gateway 25
- 2742C4911, January 2007 27
- Using Telnet 29
- 3342C4911, January 2007 33
- 3542C4911, January 2007 35
- Using SNMP 36
- Default configuration 37
- User Configuration: 37
- View based Configurations 38
- Configuring SNMP Trap Hosts 39
- 4142C4911, January 2007 41
- Securing Access to the Switch 43
- 4542C4911, January 2007 45
- Switch User Accounts 47
- TACACS+ Authentication 48
- Authorization 49
- Accounting 50
- TACACS+ Password Change 51
- Configuring the LDAP Server 53
- Secure Shell and Secure Copy 55
- To log in to the switch: 57
- 5942C4911, January 2007 59
- SecurID Support 60
- Using SecurID with SSH 60
- Using SecurID with SCP 60
- End User Access Control 61
- Strong Passwords 62
- User Access Control Menu 62
- Enabling or Disabling a User 63
- Listing Current Users 64
- 6542C4911, January 2007 65
- CHAPTER 2 67
- 802.1x Authentication Process 69
- EAPoL Message Exchange 70
- 802.1x Port States 71
- Supported RADIUS Attributes 72
- Configuration Guidelines 73
- CHAPTER 3 75
- VLAN Numbers 77
- PVID Numbers 77
- Viewing and Configuring PVIDs 78
- Chapter 3: VLANs 79
- 7942C4911, January 2007 79
- VLAN Tagging 80
- 8142C4911, January 2007 81
- 8342C4911, January 2007 83
- VLAN configuration rules 84
- 8542C4911, January 2007 85
- Protocol-based VLANs 87
- PVLAN Priority Levels 88
- PVLAN Tagging 88
- Configuring PVLAN 89
- 5. Enable the PVLAN 90
- 9142C4911, January 2007 91
- Ports and Trunking 93
- Aggregate 94
- Statistical Load Distribution 95
- Built-In Fault Tolerance 95
- Port Trunking Example 97
- Trunk 3: Ports 2, 12, and 22 97
- 9942C4911, January 2007 99
- 10142C4911, January 2007 101
- Configuring LACP 103
- Spanning Tree Group 105
- Overview 106
- Bridge Priority 107
- Port Priority 107
- Port Path Cost 108
- Creating a VLAN 108
- Rules for VLAN Tagged ports 109
- Multiple Spanning Trees 110
- BladeCenter 111
- GbE Switch 111
- Module B 111
- 11342C4911, January 2007 113
- Port Fast Forwarding 115
- Fast Uplink Convergence 116
- Spanning Tree Protocol 117
- Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol 118
- Port Type and Link Type 119
- RSTP Configuration Guidelines 119
- RSTP Configuration Example 120
- MSTP Region 121
- Common Internal Spanning Tree 121
- MSTP Configuration Guidelines 122
- MSTP Configuration Example 122
- Quality of Service 123
- Alteon OS Application Guide 125
- 12542C4911, January 2007 125
- Using ACL Filters 126
- 12742C4911, January 2007 127
- Ethernet tagging format 127
- IP format (IPv4, IPv6) 127
- Summary of ACL Actions 128
- Understanding ACL Precedence 128
- Using ACL Groups 129
- ACL Metering and Re-marking 130
- Viewing ACL Statistics 131
- ACL Configuration Examples 132
- Example 3 133
- Per Hop Behavior 134
- 13542C4911, January 2007 135
- QoS Levels 136
- DSCP Re-marking and Mapping 137
- 13942C4911, January 2007 139
- Queuing and Scheduling 140
- Part 2: IP Routing 141
- 142 42C4911, January 2007 142
- Basic IP Routing 143
- IP Routing Benefits 144
- Internet 145
- 14742C4911, January 2007 147
- Example of Subnet Routing 148
- 14942C4911, January 2007 149
- 15142C4911, January 2007 151
- DHCP Relay Agent 153
- Routing Information Protocol 155
- Routing Updates 156
- RIP Features 157
- RIP Configuration Example 158
- 15942C4911, January 2007 159
- CHAPTER 10 161
- IGMP Snooping 162
- Configure IGMP Snooping 163
- Static Multicast Router 164
- IGMP Relay 165
- Configure IGMP Relay 166
- Chapter 10: IGMP 167
- 16742C4911, January 2007 167
- Additional IGMP Features 168
- Configuring the Action 169
- Configure IGMP Filtering 169
- Border Gateway Protocol 171
- Forming BGP Peer Routers 173
- What is a Route Map? 174
- 17542C4911, January 2007 175
- Precedence 176
- Configuration Overview 176
- 17742C4911, January 2007 177
- Aggregating Routes 178
- Redistributing Routes 179
- BGP Attributes 180
- Selecting Route Paths in BGP 181
- BGP Failover Configuration 182
- 18342C4911, January 2007 183
- 18542C4911, January 2007 185
- CHAPTER 12 187
- OSPF Overview 188
- Figure 12-1 OSPF Area Types 189
- OSPF Autonomous System 190
- Neighbors and Adjacencies 191
- The Link-State Database 191
- The Shortest Path First Tree 192
- Configurable Parameters 193
- Defining Areas 194
- 19542C4911, January 2007 195
- Interface Cost 196
- Summarizing Routes 196
- Virtual Links 198
- Router ID 199
- Authentication 199
- Switch 3 200
- Switch 4 200
- 20142C4911, January 2007 201
- Chapter 12: OSPF 203
- 20342C4911, January 2007 203
- OSPF Configuration Examples 204
- Example 1: Simple OSPF Domain 205
- Example 2: Virtual Links 207
- 20942C4911, January 2007 209
- Other Virtual Link Options 210
- Verifying OSPF Configuration 213
- Part 3: High Availability 215
- Fundamentals 215
- 216 42C4911, January 2007 216
- High Availability 217
- Layer 2 Failover 218
- Setting the Failover Limit 219
- Configuring Trunk Failover 223
- VRRP Overview 224
- Virtual Interface Router 225
- VRRP Operation 226
- 22742C4911, January 2007 227
- Active (subnet A and C) 228
- Active (subnet B and D) 228
- Hot-Standby Redundancy 229
- Alteon OS extensions to VRRP 230
- 23142C4911, January 2007 231
- Active-Active Configuration 233
- Task 1: Configure GbESM 1 234
- 5. Configure ports 235
- Task 2: Configure GbESM 2 236
- Hot-Standby Configuration 238
- Server 2 239
- Server 1 239
- 244 42C4911, January 2007 244
- Troubleshooting 245
- Monitoring port 246
- Mirrored ports 246
- Port Mirroring behavior 247
- Layer 3 Port Mirroring 248
- 24942C4911, January 2007 249
- Configuring Port Mirroring 251
- APPENDIX B 253
- Glossary 255
- 25942C4911, January 2007 259
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